Interfacing LORA SX1278 Module With Arduino

Long-distance communication (or constant data transmissions) has become essential to modern industries, the medical sector, and even the residential sector. These data include the status/outputs of sensors, operation logs of machines, images or videos, scheduled events, etc. Transferring these data between machines via wired or wireless medium without human input is called Machine-to-Machine communication (M2M). The same communication using a cloud platform instead of point-to-point becomes IoT. Realizing the growing demand for faster, more secure, and more efficient communication, technologies that enable long-range wireless communication were developed. Of many, “LoRa”…

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Variable Duty Cycle Oscillator using 74123 IC

variable duty cycle oscillator

IC 74123 is a digital IC called a dual re-triggerable monostable multivibrator or a one-shot. It has two identical circuits that can be used for things like generating pulses or delaying signals. You can use the IC 74123 by connecting it to other parts like resistors and capacitors and then using one of the trigger inputs. This will start a timing cycle that lasts for a certain amount of time, depending on the values of the other parts. One of the great things about the IC 74123 is that it…

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DIY Voltage to Frequency Converter Circuit

voltage to frequency converter circuit

Voltage to Frequency Converter Circuit (VFC) is an electronic device that takes voltage as an input and generates a pulse train at a frequency proportional to the applied input voltage. A voltage to Frequency Converter can be regarded as a special type of Voltage-controlled Oscillator (VCO) designed to have a linear relationship between voltage and frequency over a wide range. VFC also provides low linearity error, temperature stability, and better performance than VCO. Applications of Voltage to Frequency Converter Circuit One of the applications of the VFC is the transmission…

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Automatic Noise Limiter Circuit

Automatic noise limiter circuit

Man-made sources of external noise are extremely troublesome to highly sensitive communications receivers as well as to any other electronic equipment that is dealing with signals in the microvolt region or less. The interference created by these man-made sources, such as ignition systems, motor communication systems, and switching of high current loads, is a form of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Reception of electromagnetic interference by a receiver creates undesired amplitude modulation, sometimes of such large magnitude as to adversely affect Frequency Modulation reception, to say nothing of the complete havoc created…

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What is Antenna Coupler?

class d citizen band

Once the AM signal is obtained at the final stage, it is necessary to “couple” this signal into the antenna. The circuit which is used to couple the final stage with the antenna is called the antenna coupler. The antenna coupler network for this system is comprised of inductors (L3 and L4), and capacitors (250pF and 150 pF) as shown in Figure 1. This filter configuration is termed a double-pi network. To obtain maximum power transfer to the antenna, it is necessary that the transmitter’s output impedance be properly matched…

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Linear Integrated Circuit Modulator

LIC modulator using programmable dual op-amp

The process of generating high-quality AM signals economically is greatly simplified by the availability of low-cost specialty linear integrated circuits (LIC). This is especially true for low-power systems, where low-level modulation schemes are attractive. Linear Integrated Circuit Modulator using OTA As an example, the RCA CA3080 operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) can be used to provide AM with an absolute minimum of design considerations. The OTA is similar to conventional operational amplifiers inasmuch as they employ the usual differential input terminals, but its output is best described in terms of the…

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Water Flow Detection with Alert System using 555 IC

water flow detection and alert system

Sometimes we have to check the water supply pipeline from the municipal whether water is coming or not. Though the supply interval is fixed, the supply time may vary accordingly. It is quite possible to forget to switch on the motor, which results in no water in the reservoir. The article named, “Water Flow Detection with Alert System using 555 IC” is written to tackle such situations. In this article, you will learn to construct a simple water flow detector circuit. The circuit basically triggers the alarm when the water…

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Interfacing UV sensor with Arduino

uv sensor with arduino

In this article, we will learn to interface a UV sensor with Arduino nano. The term “UV” stands for ultraviolet and UV sensors are used to measure the power or intensity of incident ultraviolet (UV) radiation at a particular area. This form of electromagnetic radiation (UV radiation) has shorter wavelengths than visible radiation but is still longer than x-rays.  Some theory on UV spectrum: The UV spectrum ranges from 100 nm to 400 nm and is divided into three bands. UVA (315-400 nm) – least harmful but stay away from…

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Building my House: Discover the most Common Mistakes Here

discover the common mistake

Conquering their own property is the goal of many people, and, in this process, many value personalization, choosing to create a project from scratch. However, when implementing these plans, it is normal for concerns to arise, such as: “I’m building my house, but I don’t know how to avoid problems”. After all, mistakes during the process can bring harm, making it essential to adopt some precautions so that this achievement is full of joys without the inconvenience and great worries. Want to learn how to do this? In this context, we have prepared a…

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What is the Master Plan and what is it for

master plan

A master plan is a document that aims at urban planning and its development policy. Therefore, it indicates what will be preserved and which buildings are allowed in each region of the city. Despite being little considered, the Master Plan interferes with the lives of the entire population. A simple example is the creation of planned subdivisions. They are implemented in strategic locations and provide all the necessary infrastructure for residents. After all, this is already provided for in the document. However, there are more details to consider. Therefore, in this post, we will explain better…

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