DIY 5×3 matrix keypad for arduino

Engineeering Projects
diy 5x3 matrix keypad for arduino

In this tutorial we are going to design a customized DIY 5×3 matrix keypad for arduino using tactile switch and small signal diode 1N4148. Many microcomputer/ Arduino system designs require some type of a keypad as an input device. Some time we required customized key for our own project rather then conventional available matrix keypad (4×4 or 4×3) in market. What if we require the key for other operation like left, right, up, down and ok operation. The outlook of the project may not be sophisticated if we had used…

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General Operation and Application Consideration for COS/MOS ICs

Engineeering Projects
basic cos mos inverter with b-series types protection network

This article is intended as a guide to circuit and equipment designers in the operation and application of MOS integrated circuits. It covers general operating and handling considerations with respect to the following critical factors: Operating supply-voltage range Power dissipation and derating System noise considerations Power-source rules Gate-oxide protection networks Input signals and ratings Chip assembly and storage Device mounting Testing More specific information is then given on significant features, special design and application requirements, and standard ratings and electrical characteristics for COS/MOS A- and B- series logic circuits, and…

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Common Drain Amplifier using FET

Engineeering Projects
circuit of common drain amplifier

Common Drain Amplifier Introduction In the common drain amplifier, the input signal is applied between the gate and drain and the amplified output voltage is developed across a resistor in the source-to-drain circuit. The drain is the terminal common to the input and the output sides. Figure 1 gives the circuit of one stage of a common drain amplifier (CD) using n-channel FET. Rs is the load impedance placed in the source circuit. Quite often a resistor Rd is placed in the drain circuit to further stabilize the operation of…

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Arduino Capacitance Meter Project

Engineeering Projects
arduino capacitance meter prototype

In this project you will learn how to make your own arduino capacitance meter (measure the value of capacitor from the range of pF to 1000’s uF). Generally, electronic hobbyist love to design their own gadget rather than buy. In this project we are using two approach for capacitance measurement i.e. charging and discharging approach arduino capacitance meter and multivibrator approach arduino capacitance meter. For measuring low value capacitor, we are using charging and discharging approach and for measuring high value capacitor we are using multivibrator approach. So, before starting…

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Common Source Amplifier using FET

Engineeering Projects
common source amplifier

Common Source Amplifier In this amplifier, input signal is applied between gate and source and the amplified output voltage is developed across a load resistor in the drain circuit. Thus, source is the common terminal between the input side and the output side. Figure 1 gives the circuit of one stage of common source amplifier (CS)  Amplifier using n-channel FET and with biasing arrangement. The typical component values are also shown in figure. This circuit is analogous to common emitter amplifier. On using p-channel FET, polarity of supply voltage is…

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How to Make Relay Switch Circuit

Engineeering Projects
relay switch circuit

In this tutorial, you will learn how to make your relay switch circuit for Arduino in a few easy steps. We often see many electronics hobbyists especially Arduino users buy expensive relay modules instead of building their own. The general price of the relay module found in the market is about $2 but you can make your own for less than $0.70. In the tutorial Relay Switch circuit for Arduino, you will learn Relay and Operating principle Pin Identification of Relay Component value calculation and choosing the best for your…

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MOSFET | Types of MOSFET | Circuit Symbol

Engineeering Projects
depletion of n-channel on application of negative gate voltage

Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET) MOSFET is of greater commercial importance than the junction FET. Types of MOSFET Enhancement MOSFETs and Depletion MOSFETs. Enhancement  Type MOSFET Figure 1 gives the cross-sectional view of a p-channel enhancement MOSFET. It consists of a lightly doped n-type substrate into which all diffused two highly dipped p + region spaced 10 to 20um apart. One region, say the left-hand region, acts as the source while the other region acts as the drain. A thin insulating layer of SiO2 of thickness 1000 to 2000 A…

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Arduino Weighing Machine using HX711

Engineeering Projects
arduino weighing machine

How to interface Load Cell with Arduino? How to make your very own Arduino Weighing Machine? Today, in this article you will learn about interfacing of Load Cell with Arduino and finally make your own Arduino Weighing Machine. This project is designed to weigh up to 50 Kg (depending upon the load cell you are using) accurately and efficiently. Components Required for Arduino Weighing Machine Arduino UNO Board x 1 16×2 Alphanumeric LCD x 1 Load Cell x 1 HX711 Module x 1 10K variable Resistor x 1 4.7K Resistor…

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FET Parameter | Small Signal Models for FET

Engineeering Projects
low frequency small signal model of fet

FET Parameter In a FET, instantaneous drain current iD is a function of (i) the instantaneous gate voltage VGS and (ii) instantaneous drain voltage VDS. Thus,              ……..(1) Making use of equation 1, we may define the three FET parameter gm, rd and . Transconductance gm and Dynamic Drain Resistance rd Making Taylor series expansion of equation 1 and considering only the first two terms we get,             ……..(2) Using the conventional small signal notation, , and may be put as,               ……..(3) Where,          …….(4) And,            ……..(5) Parameter…

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Arduino Controlled Variable Power Supply

Engineeering Projects
arduino controlled variable power supply circuit

We all know that the power supply is the most basic unit of any electric/electronics circuit. The mostly electronic project, we have seen SLA batteries are often used, but they drain and we cannot get all-day performance. It is better to use the battery for backup rather than the main power supply. Another problem with using the battery is, when we draw high current constantly it becomes hot, it might create some serious issue, don’t think about this care? Don’t worry, the circuit Arduino Controlled Variable Power Supply is designed…

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