Forced Vibration of a Mass Spring System without Damping

Engineeering Projects
force vibration of mass and spring

In the case forced vibration of a mass spring system without damping the mass spring system is acted by a periodic oscillation force and the damping is absent. Unbalanced rotating machinery such as compressor piston produces such type of motion. This is shown in fig.1 (a). For this case the equation of motion can be written as: ———-(1) The solution of equation includes the solution for free vibration and solution satisfying the right hand side. Concept of rotating vector is used to solve the equation (1). s per the vector…

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Free Vibration of a Mass Spring System with Damping

Engineeering Projects
free vibration system with viscous damping

Fig.1 (a) shows the free vibration of a system with damping. A device known as damper is shown in the figure below. The damping force acts in the opposite direction to that of oscillating mass. The equation of motion for this case can be written as:   ———-(1) Where, c = coefficient of viscous damping Or,   ———-(2)   Or,   ———-(3)   Put then     And   ———-(4) By substituting the value in equation (3) we have,   ———-(5) The solution for can be written as:   ———-(6)…

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Free Vibration of a Mass Spring System Without Damping

Engineeering Projects
free vibration without damping

Fig.1 gives the different stages of a freely vibrating system without damping. In Fig.1(c) the displacement ‘z’ from the position of static equilibrium at a certain time ‘t’ is shown. The static deflection is given by, ———-(1) Fig.1 (f) shows the free body diagram of the system. Applying Newton’s second law we get, ———- (2) Or, ———- (3) Or, ———- (4) Or, ———- (5) Put ———- (6) Then ———- (7) By substation the value from equation (6) and (7) in equation (5), = 0 ———- (8) Or, = 0 ———-…

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Water Level Indicator Circuit

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of digital water tank gauge

One of the most common circuits in the market is the water level indicator. But most of these circuits fault corrosion of metal electrodes due to electrolytic reaction. This fault can be minimized effectively by using alternating current instead of direct current supply. Here we design and verify a circuit called electrolysis proof water level indicator using a COMOS IC which has profitably exploited the normally unused property of CMOS devices. Other Water level indicators and controller circuits posted on bestengineeringprojects.com  Ultrasonic Water Level Meter Water Level Indicator Circuit using…

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Preamplifier for ceramic-pickup

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of preamplifier for ceramic pick up

The circuit posted here is of a preamplifier for ceramic pick-up having moderately high input impedance about 470Ω and voltage gain of more than 12. Circuit Description of Preamplifier for ceramic-pickup The circuit of a preamplifier for ceramic pickup is built around FETs because it has outstanding low-level characteristics including a high input impedance and low noise. These characteristics make the FET a natural choice at the input stage of a preamplifier for accepting signals from high-impedance transducers such as ceramic-pickup. Inputs from the ceramic microphones are given to the…

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Non-Destructive Power Supply Circuit

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of non destructive power supply

The power supply is the basic unit for any electronic circuit and it must be non-destructive. Various types of power supply circuits like stabilized power supply units, Digital control variable power supply units, self switching off power supply units, etc are available on bestengineeringprojects.com. Now, here is another circuit for smooth power supply in the section of power supply-based projects called a Non-destructive power supply circuit using voltage regulator IC 732. Working of the circuit non-destructive power supply-Circuit Most circuits are set to an adjustable “knee” from 2mA to 30mA.…

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Sound Operated Relay Using Transistors

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of sound operated relay

Various type of switching circuit like a touch-operated relay, light operated relay, heat operated relay is already posted in bestengineeringprojects.com. Now here is another simple electronic project in the series of switching circuits called sound-operated relays. Circuit Description of Sound Operated Relay using Transistors The circuit of sound operated relay is self-explanatory and is very easy to understand. This circuit is built around a 2-stage audio amplifier using PNP transistors. The sound sensor of the circuit sound-operated relay is done by 8Ω loudspeakers. The output of the loudspeaker is given…

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High-Gain Preamplifier Circuit Using Single Transistor

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of high gain preamplifier

The project posted here is of a high gain preamplifier circuit with a low input impedance of about 4 KΩ. It is capable of very high gain in the order of a few hundred if Rc is very greater than RL. Circuit Description of High Gain Preamplifier Circuit The circuit of the high gain preamplifier is built around a low-power NPN transistor T1 which is here configured in common emitter mode using self-bias or emitter bias. This biasing method is used because it produces excellent operating point stability. Resistor R1…

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Simple Preamplifier Circuit using Single Transistor

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of simple preamplifier using transistor

The project posted here is of simple preamplifier circuit and is the simplest possible. This circuit provides a voltage gain of about 3 to 30 and is dependent upon source and load impedance. The simple preamplifier circuit has low input impedance. Description of Simple Preamplifier Circuit The circuit of the simple preamplifier is designed using a single low power amplifier transistor and is configured in common emitter mode. The input signal is given to the base of transistor T1 through capacitor C1. Capacitor C1 is a coupling capacitor to couple…

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Listening Bug Using op-amp 741

Engineeering Projects
listening bug thumbnail

Here is a simple project called listening bug circuit using 741 using the most popular op-amp IC 741. This circuit can be used for spying because by using this circuit we can hear any conversation held in any other room or we can say using this circuit one can hear the conversation held in another room. This circuit can also be used for baby monitoring. Also, check our Listening Bug Circuit using op-amp LM386. Description of Listening Bug Circuit Using 741 The circuit of the listening bug shown in figure…

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