Op-amp | Block Diagram | Characteristics of Ideal and Practical Op-amp

Engineeering Projects
symbol of operational amplifier

What is an OP-AMP? An operation amplifier (Op-Amp) is basically a multistage, high gain (Av>105) direct-coupled amplifier with two differential inputs and a single-ended output and which uses feedback to control its overall response characteristics. It may be used to perform numerous linear operations and some nonlinear operations. An important feature of the operational amplifier is that by simply changing the feedback impedance, its operation may be altered. A modern Op-Amp uses integrated circuit technology. The IC Op Amps are widely used as versatile, predictable, accurate, and economical system building…

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Bisection Method | Source Code in C and C++| Algorithm | Pseudocode

Engineeering Projects

Bisection method is an iterative method used for the solution of non-linear equations, also known as binary chopping or half-interval method. Bisection method is based on the repeated application of the intermediate value property. It means if f(x) is continuous in the interval [a, b] and f(a) and f(b) have different sign then the equation f(x) = 0 has at least one root between x = a and x = b. This method is most reliable and simplest iterative method for solution of nonlinear equation. a < x < b…

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Eight Channel Audio Mixture with Multiple Control

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of audio mixture with multiple control

Here is simple circuit of eight channel audio mixture with multiple control using IC TDA 1524A and 747 to mix eight individual sound. The PCB for soldering side and component side is also given. The conventional sound systems involved recording of sounds from several musical instruments, each played by different musicians using only a single microphone. Then, in order to balance the sound tone, they had to alter the positions of musicians according to the microphone. Due to which people started to record directly to stereo master tape. However that…

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Low Power Audio Amplifier Using LM386

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of low power audio amplifier

The circuit and PCB Design of Low Power Audio Amplifier using LM386 is posted here which used to drive at most audio power of 1 Watt. LM386 is an low voltage, battery operated power amplifier designed for application where low voltage is main concern. The main advantage of using LM386 is it does not requires any ground reference voltage and it’s output is automatically biased to 1/2 of supply voltage. Circuit Description of Low Power Audio Amplifier Using LM386 To derive at most audio power of 1 watt at the…

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Relay Tester Circuit

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of relay tester

Here is the relay tester circuit using timer IC 555 which is used to measure pull-in and release voltage of relays ranging from 6V to 28V DC. Relays are probably the simplest electromechanical devices, yet they are the most important components of many industrial and domestic electrical equipment. All too often, it is a hardship for the equipment manufacturers to discover that the commercial quality relays of similar types have a wide range of operating voltage. Many times, it is found that the relay contacts will not close properly. Many…

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Automobile Clutch Troubleshooting

Engineeering Projects
automobile clutch 3

However, common troubles experienced in automobile clutch along with their causes, are explained in the article automobile clutch troubleshooting briefly. The remedies have also been suggested. It is not within the scope of this article to deal with very exhaustively the troubleshooting of the automobile clutch. Clutch slip | Automobile Clutch Troubleshooting It is sometimes experienced that the clutch slips while in engagement. In this condition, it fails to transmit completely the engine torque. Moreover, because of slipping, a large amount of heat is generated due to which clutch facings wear…

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JFET Op-Amp Based Stereo Control Preamp

Engineeering Projects
circuit diagram of jfet stereo control preamplifier

Almost all pre-amplifier circuit uses ordinary op-amp, which is not as good as JFET op-amp. JFET op-amp has very low noise and a very high input impedance due to which they can be used in a large number of circuits. The circuits are shown here fulfill the need for a handy, high-performance simple control preamp. Circuit Description of JFET Op-Amp Based Stereo Control Preamp Based on LF353N bi-FET op-amp the circuit is ideal for the stereo application for which quad LF347 or four LF351s can also be used is shown in…

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Electronics Thermometer Using Op-amp 741 IC

Engineeering Projects
electronic thermometer circuit using op-amp 741

Here is the circuit diagram of an electronics thermometer using op-amp 741 IC and a silicon diode having a range of -20oC to 125oC. Various types of temperature measuring and controlling circuits either using a microcontroller or discrete component are already posted on bestengineeringprojects.com. Circuit Diagram of Electric Thermometer Using OP-AMP 741 The entire circuit of the electric thermometer is built around two op-amp 741 IC, a silicon diode, and a few passive components, where silicon diode D1 is used as a temperature sensor. The diode 4148 has a voltage…

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Gearbox Troubleshooting

Engineeering Projects
Gearbox troubleshooting for automobile

In the article Gearbox Troubleshooting, the common faults of the gearbox will be discussed and suitable remedies suggested. Noisy operation of the gearbox | Gearbox Troubleshooting There may be two different cases i.e., the noisy running when the vehicle is stationary or when it is running in various gears. Stationary running This noise may be due to any or more of the following reasons: The bearings may be worn out in which case they will have to replace. Countershaft may be worn, bent or have large end play. This has…

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Single Phasing Preventer Circuit

Engineeering Projects
installation of the preventer

If we have been familiar with machinery, we all know how important it is to follow safety measures to mitigate injuries and accidents. A single phasing preventer circuit is one of the solutions we can look forward to. The phrase ‘preventer circuit’ itself portrays it. The single-phase preventer circuit is also a high low and unbalanced-supply voltage cut-off relay. To ensure complete safety for 3-phase machinery, the preventer circuit has been known to be handy. Generally, an induction motor burns out due to excessive voltage during an off-hour, a very…

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