Engineering Projects

Generally, appliance timers offer a wide range of applications with a greater range of flexibility. But here we have presented a typical type of IC as shown in the figure, which can be used with 50/60 Hz power lines and can operate on both 12- or 24-hour basis. A 50 Hz power line requires an external clock input for operation. This clock turns the timer on/off and along with this also sets the minutes and hours limits of the timer. Additional features like ‘reset’ and ‘repeat’ control are added, which…

The IC described here is particularly designed for single audio channels, so as to offer Dolby B-type noise-reduction features. Along with the internal power supply regulator, the circuit of dolby noise reduction processor IC requires a series of amplifiers. In addition to this, some external RC networks are also required for the system. These networks serve a special purpose in the system. A single network comprising five capacitors and three resistors is connected to four external leads. The other network which constitutes of three resistors and three capacitors forms a…

Generally, audio power amplifier  are low frequency (typically 40 Hz to 20,000 Hz) power amplifiers. Internally, they are designed as class B power amplifiers and offer reasonable power gain (5 to 10 watts typically, as well as low distortion figures. To handle the power dissipation required, most chips have several large, flat pins that are tied to ground and act as heat sinks. Chips such as these provide additional features as well, such as thermal shutdown protection, overvoltage protection, and frequency compensation. The output is designed to drive a low…

Clock Circuit Description:- Clocks are important companion of our daily life. They say, “Time and tide waits for none”. So, clocks play a vital role in our progressive routine. Wrist watches, table clocks are not the only devices available to display time, there are multiple ways to do so. The project discussed here draws the layout to build an electronic clock which provides all features like a normal clock does. Fascinating fact about this circuit is that it can be operated either from the AC power line, or from an…

A multi-function calculator is designed within a single IC such that it executes five operations which include four basic arithmetic functions and one add-on or discount percentages. It constitutes of a simple layout of a keyboard with ten numerical keys, and six function keys plus a decimal point key. This IC is a general outline of simple calculator which can perform all of the logic and storage functions in one single, 28-pin IC. Light weight and inexpensive features add to flexibility in use of this calculator. Using the basic principle…

What is Complex sound generator? Internal noises; noise within a system, are treated as disturbances and we make attempts to reduce it to a lowest level possible. There is another way to eradicate noise and on the other hand, take benefits from the noise itself. It sounds completely insane, don’t you think so? The circuit we are going to discuss here reveals the mystery. The circuit entitled, ‘Complex sound generators’ makes use of this waste like internal noise and tones to produce special effect sounds.  The disturbance is thus replaced…