Engineering Projects

What is Load Settlement Curve? After obtaining the test results, a load settlement curve as shown in Fig.1 is plotted. In the figure, two curves A and B are shown. These two curves represent two different type of soils. The curve A is a typical curve for a sandy soil; non cohesive type, while the curve B is for clayey soil; cohesive type. For sandy soil, the nature of curve is straight in early part and with gradual increase in load intensities, it becomes steeper in later part and the…

Read More

What is plate load test? in this article we will discuss about Plate Load Test Procedure and Limitation. The general set up for the plate load test is shown in Fig.1 below. Plate load test enables to estimate the allowable pressure of soil. The plates used in this particular phenomenon are usually square or round and these plates vary in sizes from 30 to 60 cm width and thickness about 2.5 cm. In comparison to other tests, Plate load tests are found to be quite expensive. Plate load test is…

Read More

What is Static Cone Penetration Test or Cone Penetration Test? The static cone penetration test is also known as cone penetration test (CPT) since the cone is used to penetrate through the ground surface. The penetro-meter used in this process consists of a 600 cone with a base area of 10 cm2 and a friction jacket to avoid skin friction. Along with the diagrams in fig.1, the sequence of operation of the penetro-meter is briefly described below:- You can also check another for Dynamic Cone Penetration Test Operation procedure of Static…

Read More

During the course of site investigation, different penetration tests are carried out and these tests are enlisted below: Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCPT) and Static Cone penetration Test (CPT). Among these, Standard penetration test SPT is the most popular one and is widely used. Standard penetration test: The test is conducted by driving a split spoon (Fig 1  c) into the soil for a distance of 450 mm. The force required to drive the spoon up to that depth is provided by a standard hammer of…

Read More

What are the types of sampler? Usually there are two common types of sampler; thin walled Shelby Tubes or Piston Samplers. Besides these, there are some other types of samplers and they are: open drive samplers and split spoon samplers. These samplers are shown in Fig.1.   Shelby Tube | Types of sampler The thin walled seamless steel tubes are called Shelby tubes. They are generally used to take undisturbed samples for routine site investigation works. The clear sketch of Shelby tube is shown in Fig.2.6 (a). The tube is…

Read More

What are the requirement of sampling? In this article we will discuss about different requirement of sampling. Area Ratio – It is the degree of disturbance. In general terms, Area Ratio can be defined as a ratio of annular cross sectional area of the tube to the area of the sample. Mathematically, it is expressed as: Where, Ar = Area ratio Do = Outside diameter of the tube Di = Inside diameter of the tube Usually, most code specifies that the area ratio should not exceed 25 %, it is…

Read More

What is Sampling and Sampling Procedure? The process of extraction of soil samples from drilling tools and sampling equipment is known as sampling and sampling procedure. Two types of samples are taken during the site investigation and they are: Disturbed Samples Undisturbed Samples Disturbed samples Disturbed samples can be further classified as: Representative samples Non-representative samples In case of disturbed samples the soil loses its original form or we can say the structural configuration of soil is changed or destroyed. During the standard penetration test of the sampling process, the…

Read More

What is Rotary Drilling or Open Hole Core Drilling? During site investigation, drilling in rocks is very important step to produce continuous core. The strength, condition and sequence of the rocks, which will support the loading’s, must be set properly by appropriate examination and testing. These days, the loading’s are transmitted to the foundations. Different processes like construction of large dams, tunnels and presence of voids below a site often call for the drilling process through rocks. Out of other drilling processes, rotary drilling is undeniably the most expensive type…

Read More