Drainage by Vacuum Method

vacuum method underpinning

If the effective size of the soil to be drained is less than 0.05 mm, well points cannot be used because capillary forces prevent flow. In order to drain such soils suction head in excess of capillary head is to be applied i.e. by vacuum method. The typical soils of such nature are sands and silty sands. These soils possesses, coefficient of permeability between 1 ×10-3 to 1 ×10-5 cm/sec. Drainage in such cases can be made efficient by the use of vacuum well points as in Fig.1. Vacuum well…

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Games of Chance | Dice Game | Craps

game of craps3

    Click Here to download Compiled Software   The output of the Program are shown in figure below:    

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Finding the maximum of three integers | C programming

maximum number of three integers1

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Comparing two number using if statements,Relational operators, and equality operators

comparing two number 3

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Deep Well Pump

deep well pump

For very deep excavation the multistage well point set up has the disadvantage that the water level is pulled down abruptly at the edge of the excavation. As a consequence, the hydraulic gradient near the excavation bottom becomes quite large and the resulting seepage pressures may lead to the instability of the side slopes. Under such circumstances a deep well pump is suitable as shown in Fig.1. Deep wells pump are cased holes and generally they have diameters ranging from 30 cm to 60 Cm. The depth of deep well…

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Well Point System | Types of Well Point

well point (multi stage)

What are the types of well point System? There are two types of well point system, namely single stage well point system and multi-stage well point system. These systems are briefly described in the following. Single Stage Well Point system – A well point consists of a pipe about 1 m long and 50 mm in diameter. It has perforations, which are covered with a screen to prevent clogging in. At the lower end, a jetting nozzle is provided. This nozzle also acts as a driving point. A ball valve…

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Drainage | Drainage from Open Sumps

drainage from open sump

What is drainage and where it is required? Drainage is required whenever it is desirable to eliminate seepage pressure or to reduce danger from frost damage or to increase shearing resistance of soil by reducing neutral stresses. These objectives are achieved by lowering the water table below the level of a mass of soil requiring protection. When the co-efficient of permeability exceeds 0.001 cm/sec drainage is essential. When value of coefficient of permeability lies between 0.001 to 0.00001 cm/sec drainage is inconsequential but it is required for stability of sides…

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Anchored Bulkhead | Determination of Anchored Bulkhead

Anchored Sheet Piled Wall Free Earth Support

What is anchored bulkhead? If tie rods or anchor rods are anchored close to the upper ends of sheet pile walls, the sheet pile walls are called bulkheads or anchored sheet pile walls. The tie or anchor rods are buried in the backfill at a considerable distance from the back of the wall. The ties or anchored rods reduce the lateral deflection, the bending moment and the depth of penetration. Anchored bulkhead are extensively used in water front structures. They are constructed by driving a row of sheet pile to…

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Cantilever Walls in Cohesive Soils

cantilever sheet pile in cohesive soil

The pressure distribution on a cantilever wall constructed on cohesive soil is shown in Fig.1 below. The active pressure at any depth z can be expressed as: Where, = Vertical pressure, Z = Depth from surface to backfill The passive pressure at any depth y below the dredge line may be expressed as: The active earth pressure on the wall from the backfill surface to the dredge level is shown in the Fig.1. The soil is in tension up to a depth of z0 and pressure in the wall is…

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Simplified Method of Structures of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls

cantilever sheet pile

What are the Simplified Method of Structures of Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls? The exact method involves the solution of fourth order equation, which is quite laborious. For practical problems simplified method of structure of cantilever sheet pile walls is generally used. In the simplified method the passive pressure is replaced by concentrated load acting at the bottom of the pile. The simplified method arrangement is shown in Fig,1 above. Taking moments of all the forces about the base of the pile we get, ——— (1) Hence,  ———- (2) The solution…

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