Op-amp 741 IC is one of the most popular and versatile operation amplifiers and can be used in a lot of applications including, comparators, wave generator amplifiers, etc. Today, we came up with another application of 741 IC i.e. Square Wave Generator using 741 IC. Objectives of Square Wave Generator using 741 IC: To design a square wave generator To describe the working of the square wave generator. Circuit diagram of the square wave generator The circuit of the square wave generator is shown in the figure below. One capacitor…
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Key Parameters of Operational Amplifier
In this article we will discuss about operational amplifier and key parameters of operational amplifier. So lets start with description. Description of operational amplifier: The basic op-amp is a DC coupled, high-gain, differential amplifier with external negative feedback. It is characterized by almost infinity open-loop gain, almost infinity input impedance, and almost zero output impedance. Invariably used with an external negative feedback element, the op amp provides a fixed gain, determined entirely by the ratio of the input resistance and the feedback resistance. As the feedback resistance increases, the gain…
Read MoreClass A Amplifier IC | Application and Parameters
In Class A amplifier the input signal is reproduced, increased in amplitude, in exactly the same wave shapes at the output. To achieve this, the quiescent point (Q) is at the center of the collector current (IC) curve, so that the input signal as well as the amplitude output signal operates only over the linear portion of this curve. IC flows at all times. Class A amplifiers are used whenever the output wave shape must be the same, with a minimum of distortion, as the input signal. Operational amplifiers, and…
Read MoreDifferential Amplifier | Derivation | Key Parameters
Differential amplifier have two input terminals that are both isolated from ground by the same impedance. This amplifier is basically used in industrial and instrumentation purpose because this type of amplifier are better able to reject common-mode (noise) voltage then single-input circuits such as inverting and non-inverting amplifier. Basically, a Class A voltage amplifier, the differential amplifier amplifies only the difference in voltage between its two terminals. Signals that appears at both terminals are not amplified, allowing the differential amplifier to pick up weak signals in the presence of strong…
Read MoreAntilogarithmic Amplifier | Derivation
Antilogarithmic amplifier is one whose output is antilogarithmic (exponential) of input. Like logarithmic amplifier, antilogarithmic is also a non-linear amplifier. Antilogarithmic Amplifier using Single Transistor The circuit arrangement for Antilogarithmic amplifier is illustrated in figure 1. Here a general purpose NPN transistor is connected to inverting input of op-amp. A resistor is connected in feedback path. The output is depending upon output current of transistor and feedback resistor. Now for diagram, output voltage can be written as …..(1) Where, Is = Saturation current VT = Thermal Voltage As we…
Read MoreLogarithmic Amplifier using Diode and Transistor
Logarithmic Amplifier using Diode and Transistor It produces output that is proportional to the logarithmic input It is a non-linear amplifier used for amplification or compression of a wide range of input signals for better resolution. It can be used direct DB display on a spectrum analyzer. You may also like: Antilogarithmic Amplifier Log Amplifier using a Single Diode and Op-Amp The circuit arrangement for the logarithmic amplifier/converter is illustrated in figure 1. Here a silicon diode D is connected in the feedback path and the current via the diode…
Read MoreInstrumentation Amplifier | Derivation | Advantage
This article is all about instrumentation amplifier, its derivation, configuration, advantage and disadvantage. We had also try to describe different types of instrumentation amplifier like single op-amp based instrumentation amplifier, instrumentation amplifier using two and three op-amp. The electrical transducer low level output signal often require to be amplified before further processing and this task is usually get accomplish by use of instrumentation amplifier. There are several important characteristics of an instrumentation amplifier that set it apart from operational amplifier. Instrumentation amplifier have finite gain which is selectable within precise value…
Read MoreApplication of Op-Amp
What are the application of op-amp (operational amplifier)? Op-Amp may perform numerous mathematical operations; hence the name operational amplifier. We here consider some of the applications of Op-Amp. Thus, consider the ideal inverting Op-Amp of figure 1 with voltage shunt feedback through Zf. Equation 1 may be used to secure various operations as analog inverter and paraphase amplifier, scale changer, phase shifter, analog adder, current-to-voltage converter etc. …..(1) Analog Inverter and Paraphase Amplifier: In Figure 1, Let Z1 = Zf, then AVf = -1 and V0 =…
Read MoreInverting Operational Amplifier with Voltage Shunt Feedback
The ideal inverting operational amplifier with voltage shunt feedback from output terminal to the inverting input terminal feedback impedance Zf and with non-inverting terminal grounded configuration is shown is figure 1. 25+ verified electronics projects using op-amp 741. Description Inverting Operational Amplifier with Voltage Shunt Feedback This forms the basic inverting op-amp. It is “Inverting” because our signal input comes to the “-” input, and there has the opposite sign to the output. The feedback arrangement used here forms the voltage shunt feedback. Hence as per theory of feedback amplifiers,…
Read MoreOp-amp | Block Diagram | Characteristics of Ideal and Practical Op-amp
What is an OP-AMP? An operation amplifier (Op-Amp) is basically a multistage, high gain (Av>105) direct-coupled amplifier with two differential inputs and a single-ended output and which uses feedback to control its overall response characteristics. It may be used to perform numerous linear operations and some nonlinear operations. An important feature of the operational amplifier is that by simply changing the feedback impedance, its operation may be altered. A modern Op-Amp uses integrated circuit technology. The IC Op Amps are widely used as versatile, predictable, accurate, and economical system building…
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