The project Arduino and RFID-based Door Access System is basically an access control system and can be placed where authorized entry is compulsion like office, school, etc.
Previously in bestengineeringprojects.com, we had already posted RFID based security system using microcontroller AT89C52 which is used to open the door and Arduino and RFID Based Attendance Systems for taking attendance.
Working of RFID Module |Â Arduino and RFID based Door Access System
RFID (Radio Frequency identification) basically use an electromagnetic field to detect unique tag assigned to object in the vicinity. An RFID receiver module radiates electromagnetic radiation of about 125KHz through its internally designed coil. When an RFID tag is of 125KHz is placed near to receiver module it will get energized as a result high signal is generated which is connected to Arduino for further processing.
Reason for using RFID system | Arduino and RFID based Door Access System
RFID detect unique tags assigned to object in the vicinity. It is due to the fact that RFID traces tags hidden inside objects, unlike bar codes. That is why people opt out of RFID-based security systems. Considering this fact, we developed a security system using RFID techniques that permits the entry of an authorized individual in the area where this system is installed.
Circuit Description of Arduino and RFID based Door Access System
The circuit diagram of Arduino and RFID-based Door Access Systems is shown in figure 1. The circuit basically consists of Arduino UNO (Central control unit), RFID receiver module, RFID tag, Solenoid lock, and a few other electronic components like resistor, capacitors, diodes, transistors, etc. for working flawlessly. The RFID module works as a sensor.
The RFID field is set up by the RFID reader such that whenever a certified person enters that field along with the unique tag assigned to him/her, the RFID reader produces a signal. We call that signal an RF signal and energy travels to the tag and extracts details from the tag. As per the communication medium, the TXD pin of the RFID module is connected to the RXD (pin 0) of an Arduino UNO as shown in the circuit diagram. When this system clarifies the authorized access, pin 10 of Arduino UNO reaches a high state. As a result of which, a transistor T1 falls into saturation. Then consequently, the solenoid get energized and the door gets unlocked indicating authorized access by glowing LED LED3
In the case where the attempts are unauthorized, the door remains closed. Additional LED2 starts to glow indicating the warning message.
Software code for Arduino and RFID based Door Access System
The software of Arduino and RFID-based Door Access System is written in Arduino programming language and compiled using Arduino IDE. You can download the code from the link below. The folder of software code contains two Arduino sketch files called Tag_Read.ino and Main_Program.ino. Tag_Read.ino is used to read the RFID tag whereas Main_Program.ino is used for controlling purposes. Before using this project, the user must first note the RFID tag which is after used in Main_Program.ino.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD SOFTWARE
Procedure for reading RFID tags.
- Connect all the circuits as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 1.
- Burn Tag_Read.ino Arduino program to Arduino to Arduino board and open serial monitor.
- Brought RFID tag near to RFID module and note down the Tag ID and used in Main_Program.ino
Replace your noted RFID tag ID with the already one and burn it to the Arduino board. Now your system will be ready to be installed on any door.
PARTS LIST OF ARDUINO AND RFID BASED DOOR ACCESS SYSTEM
| Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon) |
| R1, R4 = 1 KΩ
R2, R3 = 680Ω |
| Capacitors |
| C1 = 100 µF, 25V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C2 = 0.1 µF (Ceramic Disc) |
| Semiconductors |
| Arduino Uno Board
T1 = BC548 (Silicon NPN Transistor) D1 = 1N4007 (Rectifier Diode) |
| Miscellaneous |
| LED1 – LED3 = 5mm, any color LED
Solenoid Lock RFID Receiver Module EM-18 |