Introduction to 3D Ball, graphics based project
Here is a C++ based project called 3D Ball, graphics based project which shows objects in three dimensional view. To make object look much more realistic, here different features of graphics based on C++ is used. Initially the vertex table of the object is formed and then proceeding by rotation and translation. This program has facilities of rotation, transformation of 3D structure object etc.
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Software code of 3D Ball, graphics based project on C++:
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#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<fstream.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<iomanip.h> #include<string.h> #include<graphics.h> #include <dos.h> #define pi 3.1415 // global // float z_t[3],sphere[700][3],sphere_temp,A[700],B[700],C[700],D[700], Ia=25,ka=.4,Il=2,kd=.3,ks=.3,ns=1,L[3]={0,0,10},V[3]={10,0,0},R[3]; int rad,x_lim[2],y_lim[2],x[700],y[700],z[700], zoom_fact,rot_x,rot_y,rot_z,trans_dir[2],trans_axis[2],trans_fact[2],rot_speed,rot_dir, display_mode; struct palettetype pal; float dot_prod(float a[],float b[]) { return(a[0]*b[0]+a[1]*b[1]+a[2]*b[2]); } class access_mouse { public : int xx,yy,status; int mouse_reset() //check for hardware problems { _AX=0; geninterrupt(0x33); return(_AX); } void show_mouse() //to show mouse pointer { _AX=1; geninterrupt(0x33); } void hide_mouse() //to hide mouse pointer { _AX=2; geninterrupt(0x33); } void mouse_limit(int x1,int y1, int x2,int y2) //to limit the scope of the mouse pointer { _AX=7; _CX=x1; _DX=x2; geninterrupt(0x33); _AX=8; _CX=y1; _DX=y2; geninterrupt(0x33); } void mouse_pos() //to get the co-ordinates of the pointer & mouse status(clicked or not) { _AX=3; geninterrupt(0x33); status=_BX; xx=_CX; yy=_DX; } }; access_mouse mouse; void introduce() //funtion to introduce the project members { int i,j,s,p,x=320,y=200; struct palettetype pal; getpalette(&pal); setrgbpalette(pal.colors[14],60,60,0); char *names[5]={"Best", "Engineering","Projects","Dot Com"}, * name[5]={"A","GRAPHICS","PROJECT ","By !!"}; settextstyle(4,0,7); for( i=0;i<4;i++) { delay(500); if(kbhit()) { if((getch())==27) break; } if(i==3) y=40; setcolor(0); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(300); setcolor(8); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(200); setcolor(7); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(150); setcolor(15); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(800); if(i==3) { settextstyle(4,0,5); for(s=0;s<4;s++) { for(p=0;p<50;p++) { delay(10); setcolor(4); rectangle(0,230-p,640,230+p); setcolor(15); rectangle(50,230-p,595,230+p); } setcolor(2); outtextxy(x,225,names[s]); delay(1000); setcolor(0); for(j=p;j>=0;j--) { delay(20); setcolor(0); rectangle(0,230-j,640,230+j); } delay(500); } settextstyle(4,0,7); } setcolor(15); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(150); setcolor(7); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(150); setcolor(8); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); delay(200); setcolor(0); outtextxy(x,y,name[i]); } delay(1000); } void out_frames() { int i; setcolor(3); outtextxy(530,35,"ROTATION_AXIS"); outtextxy(465,61,"-X-");outtextxy(530,61,"-Y-");outtextxy(595,61,"-Z-"); // outtextxy(530,95,"ROTATION_SPEED_DIR"); //outtextxy(465,126,"+");outtextxy(595,126,"-");outtextxy(530,126,"DIR"); // outtextxy(530,175,"ZOOM"); // outtextxy(465,206,"+");outtextxy(595,206,"-"); outtextxy(530,255,"TRANSLATE"); outtextxy(465,281,"-X-");outtextxy(595,281,"-Y-");outtextxy(530,281,"DIR"); outtextxy(530,330,"RENDERING_MODES"); outtextxy(525,446,"EXIT"); setcolor(2); rectangle(5,5,635,475); rectangle(10,10,425,470); rectangle(430,10,630,145); for(i=0;i<3;i++) rectangle(465+i*65-30,45,465+i*65+30,75); for(i=0;i<3;i++) rectangle(465+i*65-30,110,465+i*65+30,140); rectangle(430,150,630,225); for(i=0;i<2;i++) rectangle(465+i*2*65-30,190,465+i*65*2+30,220); rectangle(430,230,630,300); for(i=0;i<3;i++) rectangle(465+i*65-30,265,465+i*65+30,295); rectangle(430,305,630,415); int style; for(i=0;i<2;i++) { if(i==0) style=10; else style=3; rectangle(465+i*2*65-30,340,465+i*2*65+30,370); setfillstyle(style,4); floodfill(465+i*2*65,350,2); } for(i=0;i<2;i++) { if(i==0) style=8; else style=1; rectangle(465+i*2*65-30,375,465+i*2*65+30,405); setfillstyle(style,4); floodfill(465+i*2*65,380,2); } rectangle(480,430,570,460); } void get_vertex() { int i,j,n; rad=60; float phi=18*pi/180,theta=pi/180; for(i=0;i<=20;i++) for(j=0;j<=30;j++) { n=31*i+j; sphere[n][0]=rad*cos(((-90+j*6)*theta))*cos(i*phi); sphere[n][2]=rad*cos(((-90+j*6)*theta))*sin(i*phi); sphere[n][1]=rad*sin(((-90+j*6)*theta)); } } void do_rotate() { int i,j,n,inc; float ang; inc++; if(inc>=360) inc=0; ang=rot_dir*(1+rot_speed)*pi/180; for(i=0;i<=20;i++) for(j=0;j<=30;j++) { n=31*i+j; //x_axis if(rot_x) { sphere_temp=sphere[n][1]; sphere[n][1]=cos(ang)*sphere[n][1]-sin(ang)*sphere[n][2]; sphere[n][2]=sin(ang)*sphere_temp+cos(ang)*sphere[n][2]; } //y_axis if(rot_y) { sphere_temp=sphere[n][0]; sphere[n][0]=sin(ang)*sphere[n][2]+cos(ang)*sphere[n][0]; sphere[n][2]=cos(ang)*sphere[n][2]-sin(ang)*sphere_temp; } //z_axis if(rot_z) { sphere_temp=sphere[n][1]; sphere[n][1]=sin(ang)*sphere[n][0]+cos(ang)*sphere[n][1]; sphere[n][0]=cos(ang)*sphere[n][0]-sin(ang)*sphere_temp; } x[n]=sphere[n][0];y[n]=sphere[n][1];z[n]=sphere[n][2]; } } void project() { int i,j,k; x_lim[0]=x_lim[1]=217; y_lim[0]=y_lim[1]=240; for(i=0;i<=20;i++) for(j=0;j<=30;j++) { k=31*i+j; z_t[2]=z[k]+200; x[k]=(200+zoom_fact)*x[k]/z_t[2]+(217+trans_fact[0]); y[k]=(200+zoom_fact)*y[k]/z_t[2]+(240+trans_fact[1]); if(x[k]<x_lim[0]) x_lim[0]=x[k]; if(x[k]>x_lim[1]) x_lim[1]=x[k]; if(y[k]<y_lim[0]) y_lim[0]=y[k]; if(y[k]>y_lim[1]) y_lim[1]=y[k]; } } void surf_table() { int i,j,k; for(i=0;i<20;i++) for(j=0;j<30;j++) { k=31*i+j; z_t[0]=z[k];z_t[1]=z[k+1];z_t[2]=z[k+32]; z_t[0]+=200;z_t[1]+=200;z_t[2]+=200; A[k]=y[k]*(z_t[1]-z_t[2])+y[k+1]*(z_t[2]-z_t[0])+y[k+32]*(z_t[0]-z_t[1]); B[k]=z_t[0]*(x[k+1]-x[k+32])+z_t[1]*(x[k+32]-x[k])+z_t[2]*(x[k]-x[k+1]); C[k]=x[k]*(y[k+1]-y[k+32])+x[k+1]*(y[k+32]-y[k])+x[k+32]*(y[k]-y[k+1]); D[k]=-x[k]*( y[k+1]*z_t[2]-y[k+32]*z_t[1])-x[k+1]*( y[k+32]*z_t[0]-y[k]*z_t[2])-x[k+32]*( y[k]*z_t[1]-y[k+1]*z_t[0]); } project(); } int find_intensity(int n) { int k,inten; float absN,absL,N[3]={A[n],B[n],C[n]}; absN = sqrt( fabs(N[0]*N[0]+N[1]*N[1]+N[2]*N[2])); absL = sqrt( L[0]*L[0]+L[1]*L[1]+L[2]*L[2]); for(k=0;k<3;k++) { if(absL!=0) L[k]=L[k]/absL; if(absN!=0) N[k]=N[k]/absN; } for(k=0;k<=2;k++) { R[k]=N[k]*(2*dot_prod(N,L))-L[k]; } inten=Ia*ka+(Il*kd*(dot_prod(L,N))+Il*ks*pow(dot_prod(V,R),ns)); if(inten>15) inten=15; return(inten); } void draw() { int i,j,k,n,inten,poly[8]; for( k=0;k<=19;k++) { int color=k/4; if(color>2) color-=2; for( j=0;j<30;j++) { i=31*k+j; if(D[i]<0){ inten=(find_intensity(i)/3); inten+=color*5; setcolor(inten); setfillstyle(1,inten); if(display_mode==0) { putpixel(x[i],y[i],inten); if(j==28) putpixel(x[i+1],y[i+1],inten); } else if(display_mode==1) { line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]); } else { poly[0]=x[i]; poly[1]=y[i]; poly[2]=x[i+1]; poly[3]=y[i+1]; poly[4]=x[i+32]; poly[5]=y[i+32]; poly[6]=x[i+31]; poly[7]=y[i+31]; if(display_mode==2) drawpoly(3,poly); else fillpoly(4,poly); } } } } } void process_mouse() { mouse.hide_mouse(); int rect[4],show=0; //for rotation_axis if(mouse.yy45) { if(mouse.xx>435 && mouse.xx<495) { rot_x=!rot_x; if(rot_x) setcolor(8); else setcolor(2); outtextxy(465,61,"-X-"); rectangle(435,45,495,75); } else if(mouse.xx>500 && mouse.xx<560) { rot_y=!rot_y; if(rot_y) setcolor(8); else setcolor(2); outtextxy(530,61,"-Y-"); rectangle(500,45,560,75); } else if(mouse.xx>565 && mouse.xx<625) { rot_z=!rot_z; if(rot_z) setcolor(8); else setcolor(2); outtextxy(595,61,"-Z-"); rectangle(565,45,625,75); } } //for rotation_speed_dir else if(mouse.yy110) { if(mouse.xx>435 && mouse.xx<495) { show=1; rect[0]=435;rect[1]=110;rect[2]=495;rect[3]=140; if(rot_speed<40) rot_speed+=2; } else if(mouse.xx>500 && mouse.xx<560) { show=1; rect[0]=500;rect[1]=110;rect[2]=560;rect[3]=140; rot_dir*=-1; } else if(mouse.xx>565 && mouse.xx<625) { show=1; rect[0]=565;rect[1]=110;rect[2]=625;rect[3]=140; if(rot_speed>0) rot_speed-=2; } } //for zoom else if(mouse.yy190) { if(mouse.xx>435 && mouse.xx<495) { show=1; rect[0]=435;rect[1]=190;rect[2]=495;rect[3]=220; if(x_lim[1]25 && zoom_fact25 && y_lim[1] } else if(mouse.xx>565 && mouse.xx<625) { show=1; rect[0]=565;rect[1]=190;rect[2]=625;rect[3]=220; if(zoom_fact>-180) zoom_fact-=10; } } //for translation else if(mouse.yy265) { if(mouse.xx>435 && mouse.xx<495) { trans_axis[0]=!trans_axis[0]; if(trans_axis[0]) setcolor(8); else setcolor(2); rectangle(435,265,495,295); outtextxy(465,281,"-X-"); } else if(mouse.xx>500 && mouse.xx<560) { rect[0]=500;rect[1]=265;rect[2]=560;rect[3]=295; trans_dir[0]*=-1; trans_dir[1]*=-1; show=1; } else if(mouse.xx>565 && mouse.xx<625) { trans_axis[1]=!trans_axis[1]; if(trans_axis[1]) setcolor(8); else setcolor(2); rectangle(565,265,625,295); outtextxy(595,281,"-Y-"); } } //for display_modes else if(mouse.yy>340 && mouse.yy<370) { if(mouse.xx>435 && mouse.xx<495) { show=1; rect[0]=435;rect[1]=340;rect[2]=495;rect[3]=370; display_mode=0; } else if(mouse.xx>565 && mouse.xx<625) { show=1; rect[0]=565;rect[1]=340;rect[2]=625;rect[3]=370; display_mode=1; } } else if(mouse.yy>375 && mouse.yy<405) { if(mouse.xx>435 && mouse.xx<495) { show=1; rect[0]=435;rect[1]=375;rect[2]=495;rect[3]=405; display_mode=2; } else if(mouse.xx>565 && mouse.xx<625) { show=1; rect[0]=565;rect[1]=375;rect[2]=625;rect[3]=405; display_mode=3; } } //for exit else if(mouse.yy>430 && mouse.yy480) { show=0; closegraph(); exit(0); } if(show) { setcolor(8); rectangle(rect[0],rect[1],rect[2],rect[3]); delay(20); setcolor(2); rectangle(rect[0],rect[1],rect[2],rect[3]); } delay(30); mouse.show_mouse(); } void translate() { if(trans_axis[0]) { if(x_lim[1]>419 || x_lim[0]<16) trans_dir[0]*=-1; trans_fact[0]+=trans_dir[0]*2; } if(trans_axis[1]) { if(y_lim[0]464) trans_dir[1]*=-1; trans_fact[1]+=trans_dir[1]*2; } } void empty() { int poly[8]; poly[0]=12; poly[1]=12; poly[2]=423; poly[3]=12; poly[4]=423; poly[5]=468; poly[6]=12; poly[7]=468; setcolor(0); setfillstyle(1,0); fillpoly(4,poly); } void main() { int gd=DETECT,gm,i; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); mouse.mouse_limit(430,10,630,470); zoom_fact=rot_x=rot_y=rot_z=trans_fact[0]=trans_fact[1]=rot_speed=display_mode=0; rot_dir=trans_dir[0]=trans_dir[1]=1; settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT,CENTER_TEXT); //introduce(); getpalette(&pal); setrgbpalette(pal.colors[0],0,0,0); for(i=1;i <pal.size;i++) { if(i<=5) setrgbpalette(pal.colors[i],i*12,0,0); else if(i<=10) setrgbpalette(pal.colors[i],0,(i-5)*12,0); else setrgbpalette(pal.colors[i],0,0,(i-10)*12); } settextstyle(0,0,0); out_frames(); mouse.show_mouse(); get_vertex(); while(1) { do_rotate(); translate(); mouse.mouse_pos(); if(mouse.status==1) process_mouse(); surf_table(); draw(); delay(50); empty(); } } |